The YOGA system as outlined by Patanjali is known as the Eightfold Path. The first steps, (1) YAMA and (2)
NIYAMA, require observance of ten negative and positive moralities-avoidance of injury to others, of
untruthfulness, of stealing, of incontinence, of gift-receiving (which brings obligations); and purity of body
and mind, contentment, self-discipline, study, and devotion to God.
The next steps are (3) ASANA (right posture); the spinal column must be held straight, and the body firm in a
comfortable position for meditation; (4) PRANAYAMA (control of PRANA, subtle life currents); and (5)
PRATYAHARA (withdrawal of the senses from external objects).
The last steps are forms of yoga proper: (6) DHARANA (concentration); holding the mind to one thought; (7)
DHYANA (meditation), and (8) SAMADHI (superconscious perception). This is the Eightfold Path of Yoga
{FN24-6} which leads one to the final goal of KAIVALYA (Absoluteness), a term which might be more
comprehensibly put as "realization of the Truth beyond all intellectual apprehension."
"Which is greater," one may ask, "a swami or a yogi?" If and when final oneness with God is achieved, the
distinctions of the various paths disappear. The BHAGAVAD GITA, however, points out that the methods of
yoga are all-embracive. Its techniques are not meant only for certain types and temperaments, such as those
few who incline toward the monastic life; yoga requires no formal allegiance. Because the yogic science
satisfies a universal need, it has a natural universal applicability
Chapter 24, An autobiography of Yogi...
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